The significant success of chemotherapy in the last years is based on development of supporting or accompanying therapy that has allowed making treatment of patients with onchological diseases more effective. The whole spectrum of cytostatic preparations has a number of the expressed by-effects. The nausea and vomiting are referred to the most frequent complications at carrying out of chemotherapy. Not so long ago about 10% of patients refused from chemotherapy or interrupted it prematurely because of development of an intolerable nausea and vomiting. Complications in the form of an uncontrollable nausea and vomiting can compel to postpone chemotherapy and considerably to worsen quality of a life of the patient. These complications include refusal from food, insufficient feed, dehydration, infringement of water-electrolytic balance and as a consequence – infringement from cardiovascular and other systems of an organism. These by-effects of chemotherapy lead to oppression of the emotional status, development of difficultly stopped depression. The term of hospitalization that leads to increase in expenses spent for treatment. Overcoming of these symptoms is the important problem of effective treatment of the oncological patients directed on improvements of quality of life of patients.

The successful results of treatment of the malignant tumors, reached recently by means of beam and medicinal therapy, would be impossible without overcoming by-effects accompanying them. Moreover, the degree of influence of different methods of treatment on quality of life of the patient became one of the basic criteria of estimation of its efficiency.

Meanwhile, the fear before possible negative consequences of treatment can compel the patient, and often also the doctor to refuse modern medical programs because of high risk of development of complications and to come back to use ineffective, but rather easy transferable techniques.

One of the reasons of such situation continues to remain the insufficient awareness of practical doctors on clinical current of by-effects and existing methods of their preventive maintenance and correction.

The specially lead interrogations of patients have shown, that in an original rating of toxic displays, the most significant for the patients, one of the first places is borrowed by vomiting and a nausea. When these reactions go from the control, from 25 up to 50 % of the patients are compelled either to make a break in the treatment, or absolutely to refuse from it.

Alongside with the expressed negative influence on quality of a life of the patient the nausea and vomiting can cause infringements of a feed, disbalance of electrolytes, dehydratation and even aspiration pneumonia and breaks mucous membrane.

At oncological patients the nausea and vomiting can be connected not only with carrying out cytostatic therapies. As the aetiology of these dyspeptic frustrations appreciably defines tactics of their correction, it is necessary to spend necessarily corresponding differential diagnostics (for example, with hypercalcemia, metastasises to a brain, cancer intoxication).

The modern anti-emetic means allow to supervise successfully only sharp vomiting whereas correction of the delayed and advancing vomiting frequently leads to unfavourable results. The nausea is even worse submitted to the medicinal control.
Zofran is an anti-emetic preparation. It renders strong anti-emetic action. It blocks starting mechanisms of an emetic reflex. It is applied to the prevention and elimination of a nausea and the vomiting, caused by cytotoxic chemical or radiotherapy, and also nauseas and vomiting in the postoperative period.

The appearance of antiemetic preparations from the group of antagonists 5-НТ3 receptors has made a real revolution in preventive maintenance and treatment of a sharp nausea and the vomiting caused by carrying out of cytostatic therapy. The first such antiemetic preparation, which has demonstrated clinical efficiency, was Zofran (ondancetrone) which is the most studied and widely applied preparation in the world from this group. At studying new antiemetic preparations in many clinical researches Zofran is used as the standard of antiemetic therapies.

The researches which for the first time have proved high efficiency of Zofran, have been lead in the beginning of 1990s. In these works Zofran was used intravenously or in a doze of 32 mg unitary once before introduction of cytostatics, or 8 mg (0,15 mg/kg) 3 times a day (30 minutes prior to introduction chemical preparations, in 4 hours and 8 hours after introduction of the first doze). In early researches it has been shown highly reliable advantage of Zofran before placebo, that has made the further carrying out of researches with the placebo-control unethical.